Behavioral Ecology Vol. 14 No. 6: 749-756
© 2003 International Society for Behavioral Ecology
Helping opportunities and space segregation in cooperatively breeding cichlids
a Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel b Department of Psychology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada c Department of Biology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
Address correspondence to Noam Y. Werner. E-mail: wernerny{at}post.tau.ac.il.
Studies of cooperative breeding have largely ignored the role of conflict among helpers and how it shapes group dynamics and helping behavior. In the present study, performing laboratory experiments with cooperatively breeding cichlids from Lake Tanganyika, we show that secondary group members (potential helpers) occupy home ranges within the group territory and may be aggressive to one another. Experimental removal of secondary group members allowed the individual next in rank to move closer to the removed individual's home range. In the field, dominant secondary group members stayed closer to the brood chamber than did subordinate group members of similar size, and proximity to the brood chamber was related to the length of time spent inside. We suggest that space segregation and competition among secondary group members is common in these cichlids, and may limit the opportunities to provide help.
Key words: Cichlidae, competition, conflict, Lake Tanganyika, Neolamprologus, reproductive skew, territoriality.
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