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Behavioral Ecology Vol. 15 No. 4: 525-533
Behavioral Ecology vol. 15 no. 4 © International Society for Behavioral Ecology 2004; all rights reserved

Strong evidence for selection for larger brood size in a great tit population

Joost M. Tinbergena and Juan J. Sanzb

a Group Animal Ecology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA, Haren, The Netherlands, and b Departemento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain

Address correspondence to J. M. Tinbergen. E-mail: j.m.tinbergen{at}biol.rug.nl

We measured the selection pressure on brood size in a recently established population of great tits (Parus major L.) in the northern Netherlands by manipulating brood size in three years (1995: n = 51, 1997: n = 66, 1998: n = 51), and we estimated fitness consequences in terms of local survival of both offspring and parents. Enlarged broods had highest fitness; the offspring fitness component was positively affected by manipulation and the parental fitness component was unaffected. Parental survival and the probability that parents produced a second clutch were not affected by the treatment. However, parents that had raised enlarged broods produced their second clutch later in the season. Clutch size, brood size, and laying date of birds recaptured in the next breeding season were largely independent of the treatment. We conclude that there is strong evidence for selection for larger brood size and reject the individual optimization hypothesis for this population because the number of young in the nest predicts fitness independently of the manipulation history.

Key words: brood size, clutch size, fitness, local adaptation, manipulation, Parus major.


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