Behavioral Ecology Advance Access originally published online on October 1, 2008
Behavioral Ecology 2009 20(1):131-137; doi:10.1093/beheco/arn124
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Food availability and parasite infection influence mating tactics in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Address correspondence to G.R. Kolluru, who is now at the Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. E-mail: gkolluru{at}calpoly.edu.
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Abstract |
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Despite the important effects of diet and parasite infection on male reproductive behavior, few studies have simultaneously addressed their influence on intrasexual selection (male–male competition). We examined the synergistic effects of 2 naturally varying environmental factors, lifetime food intake and infection, with the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli on the mating tactics and foraging behavior of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We allowed fish to interact directly with each other during observations and found that unparasitized males won more intermale contests, courted females more frequently, and received positive responses to courtship displays more frequently than males that had been infected. Infected males devoted more time to foraging and less time to courtship and competition than uninfected males, suggesting that they were energetically limited and could not increase reproductive effort despite their reduced expected lifespan. This interpretation was supported by the observation that greater food intake ameliorated the negative effects of parasite infection on courtship effort. Our results have bearing on how natural variation in food availability and parasite prevalence influence geographic variation in reproductive behavior.
Key words: food availability, foraging behavior, guppy, Gyrodactylus, male–male competition, parasite, reproductive effort.
Received 11 February 2008; revised 4 September 2008; accepted 6 September 2008.