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Behavioral Ecology Vol. 10 No. 2: 155-160
© 1999 International Society for Behavioral Ecology

The optimal allocation of time and respiratory metabolism over the dive cycle

Yoshihisa Mori

Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

Address correspondence to Y. Mori, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. E-mail: yosihisa{at}zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Because anaerobic metabolism is much less efficient than aerobic metabolism in supplying energy, it is widely believed that divers rely predominantly on aerobic metabolism for diving. In this paper, a time budget model, which assumes that the diver can use either completely aerobic or partially aerobic metabolism with additional anaerobic metabolism for diving, is developed and is used to make predictions about patterns in optimal allocation of time and respiratory metabolism during the dive cycle. The results derived from the model are (1) a diver that can vary the ratio of energy supplied anaerobically to total energy spent during dive time is favored by natural selection, but the patterns of time allocation over the dive cycle by the diver do not differ from those of a diver that cannot vary the ratio. (2) Even if it is assumed that divers switch their metabolism for diving, an obvious upturn in the surface time with respect to dive time does not occur at the aerobic dive limit (ADL) but occurs beyond the ADL. (3) Use of additional anaerobic metabolism can be favored for dives shorter than the ADL. These findings provide a useful guide to understanding the factors that limit diving behavior.

Key words: anaerobic metabolism, diving, optimal foraging model.


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