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Behavioral Ecology Vol. 14 No. 6: 902-908
© 2003 International Society for Behavioral Ecology

Does dominance status correlate with growth in wild stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?

Andrew J. Harwooda, John D. Armstrongb, Neil B. Metcalfea and Siân W. Griffithsb,c

a Fish Biology Group, Graham Kerr Building, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK b Fisheries Research Services Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, Perthshire, PH16 5LB, UK c Cardiff School of Biosciences, Main University Building, PO Box 915, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3TL, UK

Address correspondence to A.J. Harwood, who is now at the University of British Columbia, West Vancouver Laboratory, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, V7V 1N6, British Columbia, Canada. E-mail: andrewh{at}interchange.ubc.ca.

Social hierarchies result in the unequal distribution of resources, with dominant individuals able to monopolize access to food, shelter, and reproductive opportunities. However, the short-term benefits of priority access to resources have not always translated into long-term benefits in terms of growth and survival. In the present study, we test whether dominant Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that were able to monopolize a food source in laboratory conditions had a growth advantage over subordinates in their natural stream. There was no relationship between initial size and rank, and high-ranking individuals showed no growth advantage over subordinates over a 2-month period when returned to the wild. A fish's growth rate in the wild was also unrelated to its sex or initial size, or the density of other salmon of the same age class within each experimental site. There was, however, spatial variability in growth, with salmon in one site gaining twice as much weight as did fish from the other sites. This suggests that at most of the sites, resources were limited in availability and that the absence of a relationship between growth and dominance rank was not owing simply to an excess of food being available. The lack of a positive correlation between social status and growth in the wild may be explained by several mechanisms, including the spatio-temporal variability in resources, interspecific interactions, fluctuations in habitat, or the presence of predators.

Key words: dominance, growth, juvenile Atlantic salmon.


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 Behav EcolHome page
E. A. Hansen and G. P. Closs
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Behav. Ecol., May 1, 2009; 20(3): 616 - 623.
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