Behavioral Ecology Advance Access originally published online on June 30, 2004
Behavioral Ecology 2004 15(6):1044-1045; doi:10.1093/beheco/arh107
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Behavioral Ecology vol. 15 no. 6 © International Society for Behavioral Ecology 2004; all rights reserved
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A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Address correspondence to S. Nakagawa. E-mail: s.nakagawa@sheffield.ac.uk.
Received 8 September 2003; revised 17 February 2004; accepted 16 March 2004.
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Recently, Jennions and Møller (2003)
carried out a meta-analysis on statistical power in the field of behavioral ecology and animal behavior, reviewing 10 leading journals including Behavioral Ecology. Their results showed dismayingly low average statistical power (note that a meta-analytic review of statistical power is different from post hoc power analysis as criticized in Hoenig and Heisey, 2001). The statistical power of a null hypothesis (Ho) significance test is the probability that the test will reject Ho when a research hypothesis (Ha) is true. Knowledge of effect size is particularly important for statistical power analysis (for statistical power analysis, see Cohen, 1988; Nakagawa and Foster, in press). There are many kinds of effect size measures available (e.g., Pearson's r, Cohen's d, Hedges's g), but most of these fall into one of two major types, namely the r family and
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