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Behavioral Ecology Advance Access published online on October 24, 2006
Behavioral Ecology, doi:10.1093/beheco/arl063
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received April 6, 2006
Revised July 16, 2006
Accepted August 23, 2006

Article

The mixed-species chorus as public information: túngara frogs eavesdrop on a heterospecific

Steven M. Phelps 1 *, A. Stanley Rand 2, and Michael J. Ryan 3

1 Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama, Panama
2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama, Panama
3 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama, Panama; Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Steven M. Phelps, E-mail: phelps{at}zoo.ufl.edu


  Abstract

Multispecies choruses represent a promising but uninvestigated forum for public information. Although frogs exposed to a potential predator call more readily in the presence of conspecific calls than in their absence, none are known to make comparable use of heterospecific calls. To test for heterospecific eavesdropping, we isolated calling male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus), presented them with a potential predator, and recorded their responses to playbacks of 1 of 4 stimuli: calls of a conspecific, a sympatric heterospecific (Leptodactylus labialis), an allopatric congener (Physalaemus enesefae), or silence. We found that males called more in response to the L. labialis call than to either the silent stimulus or the P. enesefae call. In contrast, the P. enesefae call did not result in significantly more calling than the silent stimulus. The conspecific call was the most effective at promoting calling. The data indicate that túngara frogs selectively attend to the call of a heterospecific. We hypothesize that such heterospecific eavesdropping contributes to the emergent behavior of mixed-species choruses.

Keywords: animal communication; anuran; eavesdropping; public information; sexual selection.
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